Formula of profit and loss

Here are the important formulas of Profit and Loss for Class 6–12 students and competitive exams:


🔹 Basic Terms


Cost Price (CP): The price at which an article is purchased.


Selling Price (SP): The price at which an article is sold.


Profit (Gain): If SP > CP → Profit = SP – CP


Loss: If CP > SP → Loss = CP – SP



🔹 Profit and Loss Formulas


1. Profit = SP – CP



2. Loss = CP – SP



3. Profit % = (Profit / CP) × 100



4. Loss % = (Loss / CP) × 100



5. SP = CP × (100 + Profit%) / 100



6. SP = CP × (100 – Loss%) / 100



7. CP = SP × 100 / (100 + Profit%)



8. CP = SP × 100 / (100 – Loss%)



🔹 Discount Formulas


1. Marked Price (MP): The labeled price before any discount.


2. Discount = MP – SP



3. Discount % = (Discount / MP) × 100



4. SP = MP × (100 – Discount%) / 100



🔹 Successive Discounts Formula


If two successive discounts are x% and y%, then net discount is:


Net Discount % = x + y – (xy / 100)



🔹 When Profit or Loss is on SP (rare)


Profit % on SP = (Profit / SP) × 100


Loss % on SP = (Loss / SP) × 100


Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis (Chemistry, Class 12):

  Faraday's First Law of Electrolysis (Chemistry, Class 12): Statement: The mass (m) of a substance deposited or liberated at an electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity (Q) passed through the electrolyte. Mathematically: m=Z.Q Where: m = mass of the substance deposited (in grams) Q = total charge passed (in coulombs) Z = electrochemical equivalent (ECE) of the substance (grams per coulomb) Also, Q = I.t I = current (in amperes) t = time (in seconds) So, m = Z.I.t In Simple Words: Faraday's First Law tells us that more electricity means more substance will be deposited at the electrode. For example, if you double the current or time, the amount of substance deposited will also double. If you want the Second Law of Faraday or its explanation in Hindi , just let me know!
Read more

What is electromotive force in Chemistry class 12th

  In chemistry , electromotive force (EMF) refers to the voltage generated by a chemical cell (like a galvanic or voltaic cell) due to redox (reduction-oxidation) reactions happening at the electrodes. 🔹 Definition (Chemistry Context): EMF is the potential difference between two electrodes of an electrochemical cell when no current is flowing . It measures the tendency of electrons to flow from the anode (where oxidation occurs) to the cathode (where reduction occurs). 🔹 Symbol: 🔹 Unit: Volt (V) 🔹 Formula: \mathcal{E}_{\text{cell}} = E^\circ_{\text{cathode}} - E^\circ_{\text{anode}} Where: = standard electrode potentials (in volts) Measured under standard conditions : 1 M concentration 25°C (298 K) 1 atm pressure 🔹 Example (Daniel Cell): Zn | Zn²⁺ (1 M) || Cu²⁺ (1 M) | Cu Anode (oxidation): Zn → Zn²⁺ + 2e⁻ Cathode (reduction): Cu²⁺ + 2e⁻ → Cu Standard electrode potentials: \mathcal{E}_{\text{cell}} = 0.34 - (-0.76) = 1.10\text{ V}...
Read more

What is means of isolated gaseous atom

  💨 Isolated Gaseous Atom – Meaning: An isolated gaseous atom means: 👉 A single atom of an element 👉 In the gaseous state (not bonded to any other atom or molecule) 👉 That is completely free from external forces (like other atoms or molecules nearby) 🧪 In Simple Words: An isolated gaseous atom is a lone atom in the gas phase, existing independently , just like: A single He atom (Helium) floating alone in space Not forming a molecule like O₂ or H₂ Not in solid or liquid form 🔍 Why Important in Chemistry? It is a reference state used in: Ionization energy Electron affinity Enthalpy calculations Bond dissociation energies These properties are usually measured for an isolated gaseous atom because: There's no interference from other atoms. It gives the purest form of an element's energy or behavior. 🧠 Example: If we say: "The ionization energy of an isolated gaseous hydrogen atom is 1312 kJ/mol" It means: the energy required...
Read more