Here is a list of common chemical formulas in chemistry, grouped by categories for easier understanding. These include elements, compounds, acids, bases, salts, and gases that are commonly studied in school-level chemistry (Class 9–12, NEET, JEE, etc.).
🧪 Common Chemical Formulas in Chemistry
🔹 Elements (Symbols)
Element |
Symbol |
Hydrogen |
H₂ |
Oxygen |
O₂ |
Nitrogen |
N₂ |
Chlorine |
Cl₂ |
Iodine |
I₂ |
Fluorine |
F₂ |
Bromine |
Br₂ |
Ozone |
O₃ |
Phosphorus |
P₄ |
Sulfur |
S₈ |
🔹 Common Compounds
Name |
Formula |
Water |
H₂O |
Carbon dioxide |
CO₂ |
Carbon monoxide |
CO |
Methane |
CH₄ |
Ammonia |
NH₃ |
Glucose |
C₆H₁₂O₆ |
Ethanol (Alcohol) |
C₂H₅OH |
Urea |
CO(NH₂)₂ |
Hydrogen peroxide |
H₂O₂ |
Baking soda |
NaHCO₃ |
Washing soda |
Na₂CO₃·10H₂O |
Bleaching powder |
Ca(OCl)₂ |
Quick lime |
CaO |
Slaked lime |
Ca(OH)₂ |
Limestone / Marble |
CaCO₃ |
Vinegar (Acetic acid) |
CH₃COOH |
🔹 Acids
Acid Name |
Formula |
Hydrochloric acid |
HCl |
Sulfuric acid |
H₂SO₄ |
Nitric acid |
HNO₃ |
Acetic acid |
CH₃COOH |
Carbonic acid |
H₂CO₃ |
Phosphoric acid |
H₃PO₄ |
Formic acid |
HCOOH |
Citric acid |
C₆H₈O₇ |
🔹 Bases (Alkalis)
Base Name |
Formula |
Sodium hydroxide |
NaOH |
Potassium hydroxide |
KOH |
Calcium hydroxide |
Ca(OH)₂ |
Ammonium hydroxide |
NH₄OH |
Magnesium hydroxide |
Mg(OH)₂ |
🔹 Salts
Salt Name |
Formula |
Sodium chloride (Table salt) |
NaCl |
Sodium carbonate |
Na₂CO₃ |
Sodium bicarbonate |
NaHCO₃ |
Potassium nitrate |
KNO₃ |
Calcium carbonate |
CaCO₃ |
Ammonium chloride |
NH₄Cl |
Zinc sulfate |
ZnSO₄ |
Copper sulfate (Blue vitriol) |
CuSO₄·5H₂O |
🔹 Oxides
Name |
Formula |
Carbon dioxide |
CO₂ |
Carbon monoxide |
CO |
Sulfur dioxide |
SO₂ |
Sulfur trioxide |
SO₃ |
Nitrogen dioxide |
NO₂ |
Nitrous oxide (Laughing gas) |
N₂O |
📘 Bonus: Household Chemistry
Name |
Formula |
Salt (Common) |
NaCl |
Sugar (Sucrose) |
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ |
Vinegar (Acetic acid) |
CH₃COOH |
Detergent (Sodium dodecyl sulfate) |
NaC₁₂H₂₅SO₄ |
LPG (Butane + Propane) |
C₄H₁₀ + C₃H₈ |
If you want this list as a PDF or in Hindi, or specific to Class 10, 11, or 12, just let me know!
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