What is an Enzyme in Chemistry? // what is enzyme explain with example

 What is an Enzyme in Chemistry?


In chemistry, especially in biochemistry, an enzyme is a biological catalyst—a type of protein or RNA molecule—that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction in living organisms without being consumed in the process.




🔬 Definition (Chemistry):


> Enzyme is a biological macromolecule (mostly protein) that acts as a catalyst to accelerate specific biochemical reactions under mild conditions.





⚙️ How Enzymes Work (Chemically):


Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction.


The substrate binds to the active site of the enzyme.


The enzyme helps convert the substrate into products more quickly.




✅ Example in Chemistry:


Reaction:

Hydrolysis of sucrose (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) into glucose and fructose.


Enzyme Used: Sucrase (also called Invertase)

Chemical Reaction:

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O → (Sucrase) → C₆H₁₂O₆ (glucose) + C₆H₁₂O₆ (fructose)


Role: Sucrase acts as a catalyst and lowers the activation energy for the hydrolysis reaction.



🧪 Important Characteristics (Chemistry View):


Catalytic Efficiency: Enzymes can increase reaction rates by up to 10⁶ to 10¹² times.


Specificity: Each enzyme acts on a specific substrate or type of reaction.


Mild Conditions: Enzymes work at normal body temperatures and pH levels.


Reusability: Not consumed in the reaction; can be used again.



एंजाइम क्या है? (रसायन विज्ञान में)

एंजाइम (Enzyme) एक जैविक उत्प्रेरक (Biological Catalyst) होता है, जो किसी रासायनिक अभिक्रिया (Chemical Reaction) की गति को तेज़ कर देता है, बिना स्वयं उपभोगित हुए।

यह मुख्यतः प्रोटीन से बने होते हैं (कुछ RNA भी हो सकते हैं) और यह कोमल तापमान और pH पर कार्य करते हैं।

🔬 परिभाषा (रसायन शास्त्र के अनुसार):

एंजाइम एक जैविक मैक्रोमोलेक्यूल (अधिकतर प्रोटीन) होता है, जो किसी विशिष्ट रासायनिक अभिक्रिया की क्रियाविधि को तेज करता है और स्वयं बिना बदले रह जाता है।

⚙️ एंजाइम कैसे कार्य करता है:

  • एंजाइम के पास एक विशेष स्थान होता है जिसे सक्रिय स्थल (Active Site) कहते हैं।
  • सब्सट्रेट (Substrate) इस सक्रिय स्थल पर जाकर जुड़ता है।
  • एंजाइम अभिक्रिया को तेज करता है और सब्सट्रेट को उत्पाद (Product) में बदल देता है।

✅ उदाहरण (Example):

रासायनिक अभिक्रिया:
सुक्रोज (C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁) का जलअपघटन (Hydrolysis)

एंजाइम: सुक्रेज़ (Sucrase)
अभिक्रिया:
C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁ + H₂O → (Sucrase) → C₆H₁₂O₆ (ग्लूकोज़) + C₆H₁₂O₆ (फ्रक्टोज़)

व्याख्या:
यह एंजाइम सुक्रोज (गन्ना शर्करा) को ग्लूकोज़ और फ्रक्टोज़ में तोड़ने में मदद करता है।

🧪 एंजाइम की विशेषताएँ (रसायन की दृष्टि से):

  • विशिष्टता (Specificity): एक एंजाइम केवल एक विशेष अभिक्रिया पर कार्य करता है।
  • गति वृद्धि: एंजाइम रासायनिक अभिक्रिया को लाखों गुना तेज कर सकते हैं।
  • नरम स्थितियों में कार्य: शरीर के तापमान और pH पर काम करते हैं।
  • स्वयं अपरिवर्तित रहते हैं: अभिक्रिया के बाद भी एंजाइम वैसा ही बना रहता है।

अगर आप चाहें तो मैं इसका आकर्षक चार्ट या चित्र भी बना सकता हूँ।





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