What is carbohydrate // what is carbohydrate explain with example

 Carbohydrate is a type of biomolecule made up of carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O), usually with the general formula Cx(H2O)y. They are one of the main sources of energy for the body and are commonly found in foods like bread, rice, fruits, and vegetables.



🔹 Definition:


Carbohydrates are organic compounds that serve as a major energy source in the diet of most organisms. They are made up of sugar units (called saccharides) and are classified based on the number of these units.


Formula:-

(CH2O) n     Or    CnH2nOn



🔹 Types of Carbohydrates:


1. Monosaccharides (Single sugar unit)


Examples: Glucose, Fructose, Galactose




2. Disaccharides (Two sugar units)


Examples: Sucrose (Glucose + Fructose), Lactose (Glucose + Galactose)



3. Polysaccharides (Many sugar units)


Examples: Starch, Cellulose, Glycogen




🔹 Functions of Carbohydrates:


Provide energy (1 gram = 4 calories)


Store energy (as glycogen in animals and starch in plants)


Structural role (e.g., cellulose in plant cell walls)


Form components of DNA and RNA (like ribose sugar)




🔹 Sources of Carbohydrates:


Rice, wheat, bread, potatoes


Fruits and vegetables


Sugar and sweetened foods




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Let me know if you'd like this in Hindi or need diagrams or notes for Class 12.



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